Ali阿里

Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib), bc600, d.阿里（阿里伊本ABI的利布） ， bc600 ，四 Jan. 24, 661, fourth caliph of the Muslim community, is regarded by Shiite Muslims as the only legitimate successor of the Prophet Muhammad. 1月24日， 661名，第四哈里发的穆斯林社区，被视为是什叶派穆斯林，作为唯一合法的继任人的先知穆罕默德。 The first cousin of Muhammad and husband of the Prophet's daughter Fatima, Ali was passed over in the caliphal succession until 656, when he received the office after the murder of Uthman, the third caliph.第一堂弟穆罕默德和丈夫的先知的女儿法蒂玛，阿里转交在caliphal继承，直到656 ，当他接到办公室后，谋杀uthman ，第三个哈里发。

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He was immediately challenged by an aristocratic faction led by the prophet's widow, Aisha, whom he defeated.他立即提出质疑贵族派为首的先知的遗孀的Aisha ，他打败了。 Ali then became involved in a civil war with Muawiyah, governor of Syria, and at the same time a group known as the Kharijites ("seceders") created a schism among his own followers.阿里，然后成为自己卷入一场内战与穆阿维耶，省长叙利亚，并在同一时间，一组被称为该kharijites （ " seceders " ） ，创造了一个分裂而他自己的追随者。 When Ali was murdered by one of the Kharijites, Muawiyah seized the caliphate and founded the first Muslim dynasty, the Umayyads. Ali's partisans, the Shiites, never recognized Muawiyah, claiming that only Ali's sons could rightfully have succeeded him.当阿里是被人谋杀的，由其中的kharijites ，穆阿维耶缴获哈里发，并创建了第一个穆斯林王朝，倭马亚王朝的阿里山的党派，什叶派，从来不承认穆阿维耶，声称只有阿里的儿子，可正当接任。

Ali阿里

Ali, in Arabic, Ali ibn Abi Talib (600?-661), fourth caliph of Islam and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad .阿里，以阿拉伯语， 阿里伊本ABI的利布 （ 600吗？ -661 ） ， 第四届哈里发的伊斯兰教和女婿的先知穆罕默德 。 He was born in Mecca, the son of Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle.他出生在麦加，他们儿子的阿布利布说，穆罕默德的叔父。 Ali was one of the first converts to Islam and one of the most faithful followers of the Prophet.阿里是第一个皈依伊斯兰教，其中一个最忠实的追随者的先知。 He married Muhammad's daughter Fatima, who bore him two sons, Hasan and Husayn.他已婚，穆罕默德的女儿法蒂玛，负有对他的两个儿子哈桑和侯赛因。 In 632, when Muhammad died, Ali claimed the right of succession.在632时，穆罕默德死了，阿里声称有权继承的。 He was preceded in the caliphate, however, by Abu Bakr, Umar I, and Uthman ibn Affan, and did not become caliph until 656.他先在哈里发，但是，由阿布巴克尔，乌马尔我和uthman伊本阿番，但并没有成为哈里发，直到656 。

In the first year of Ali's reign he was forced to deal with a rebellion led by Aisha, whom Muhammad had married after the death of Fatima's mother and who bitterly opposed Ali's claim of succession.在第一年的阿里的统治地位，他被迫以应付叛乱为首的Aisha ，其中穆罕默德结婚去世后，法蒂玛的母亲与人强烈反对阿里声称继承。 Although the rebellion was suppressed in late 656, disputes over Ali's right to the caliphate were not resolved.虽然起义被镇压，在晚656的争端，阿里的权利哈里发没有得到解决。 Muawiyah I, a member of Uthman's family, refused to recognize Ali as caliph and claimed the caliphate himself.穆阿维耶，我的成员uthman的家庭，拒不承认阿里为哈里发，并声称哈里发自己。 This dispute continued until 661, when Ali was murdered at Al Kûfah by a member of the Kharijite sect; Muawiyah I was then acknowledged caliph.这一争议一直持续到661时，阿里是被人谋杀在Al kûfah由成员之一kharijite节;穆阿维耶当时我承认哈里发。

Dissension between Ali's adherents and his opponents continued to shake the Muslim world.纠纷阿里的追随者和他的对手，继续动摇回教世界。 This conflict led to the first and most important schism in Islam, between the Shiites (adherents of Ali) and the Sunnites (orthodox Muslims) .这场冲突导致的第一个也是最重要的裂在伊斯兰教之间的什叶派（遗民阿里）和逊尼派（正统穆斯林） 。 Ali is the ancestor of the Fatimid line of caliphs, who traced their descent from Ali and Fatima.阿里是祖先的法蒂玛王朝线caliphs ，追查他们的后裔，从阿里和法蒂玛。

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