Ferdinand Christian Baur, b.费迪南德基督教鲍尔，乙 June 21, 1792, d. 1792年6月21日，四 Dec. 2, 1860, was a German theologian who founded the Tubingen school of New Testament interpretation. He received his education at Tubingen University, where, from 1826 to his death, he was professor of ecclesiastical and doctrinal history. 1860年12月2日，是德国神学谁创立了蒂宾根学校的新约圣经的解释，他收到他的教育在蒂宾根大学，其中，从1826年到他去世，他是教授，教会和理论的历史。
Baur applied the philosophy of Hegel to New Testament interpretation. He was thus an early advocate of the historical or scientific study of the Bible. In 1845 he published a book on St. Paul, in which he applied the Hegelian principle to the history of early Christianity: Primitive Jewish (Petrine) Christianity, represented by the Gospel of St. Matthew, was the original force or thesis; Pauline Christianity was the antithesis or reaction against Peter - Matthew; and early Catholic Christianity, which brought these two forces together, was the synthesis.鲍尔应用哲学的黑格尔到新约圣经的解释。 因此，他的早期倡导者的历史或科学的研究圣经，在1845年，他出版了一本书就圣保禄，他在其中的应用黑格尔的原则，以历史的早期基督教：原始的犹太人（ petrine ）基督教，所代表的福音圣马太，是原来使用武力或论文;宝莲，基督教的对立面，或反应对黄匡源-马修;和早期天主教，基督教，使这两股势力一起，是合成。 In the process, Baur rejected the traditional attribution of a number of Epistles to Paul.在这个过程中，鲍尔拒绝了传统的归属了一些书信，以保罗。 He held that Paul was the author only of Galatians, the two Epistles to the Corinthians, and most of Romans.他认为，保罗是作者只加拉太，两个书信向哥林多前书，而且大部分罗马。 Later Baur wrote extensively on historical theology.稍后鲍尔写了广泛的历史神学。 He developed a school of followers, mostly at Tubingen; but the movement declined with his death.他制定了一个学校的信徒，大多是在蒂宾根，但运动拒绝与他的死因。
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Bibliography
参考书目
J Fitzer, Moehler
and Baur in Controversy (1974); RM Grant, The Bible in the Church (1954).
j fitzer ， moehler和鲍尔在争议（ 1974年） ;室补助金，圣经在教会内（ 1954年） 。
In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries a conservative school of theology existed at Tubingen fostered by GC Storr (1746 - 1805) that stressed the supernatural character of revelation and biblical authority.在已故的第十八和十九世纪初是一个保守的神学学校存在的蒂宾根培育的GC storr （ 1746 -1 805）强调超自然性质的启示和圣经权威。 Also, a Catholic "Tubingen school" attempted in the late nineteenth century to reconcile the church's teaching with modern philosophy and biblical studies.此外，天主教“蒂宾根学校” ，企图在十九世纪末期教会和解的教学与现代哲学和圣经研究。 By far the best known, however, is the one headed by Ferdinand Christian Baur (1792 - 1860), which opened up new avenues in NT study and was the most controversial movement in biblical criticism in the midnineteenth century.到目前为止，最有名的，不过，是一为首的费迪南基督教鲍尔（ 1792 -1 860） ，开辟了新的途径，在N T的研究，并且是最具争议性的运动在圣经的批评，在m idnineteenth世纪。 Its major contribution was calling attention to the distinct strands and theologies within the NT itself and establishing the principle of a purely historical understanding of the Bible.其主要贡献是呼吁注意鲜明的strands和theologies内新台币本身和建立的原则，一个纯粹的历史的认识圣经。
The contrasts between the Synoptic Gospels and John, the various letters attributed to Paul, and Paul and the other early church leaders were carefully examined.对比之间的天气和约翰福音，各信归功于保罗，和保罗及其他早期教会领袖被仔细研究。 Baur, much influenced by idealist philosophy, rejected supernaturalism and applied Hegelian dialectic to the NT.鲍尔，更受唯心主义哲学，拒绝supernaturalism和应用黑格尔的辩证到新台币。 He found that it reflected, not a homogeneous development, but a fundamental tension between the Jewish church of Peter and the hellenistic Gentile church of Paul.他发现，它反映了，而不是一个均质的发展，但一个根本之间的紧张关系犹太人教堂的彼得和希腊詹蒂莱教会保罗。 The NT documents attempted to reconcile the conflict between an earlier Petrine and a later Pauline theology by formulating a new synthesis.新台币的文件，试图调和之间的冲突，较早前petrine和稍后宝莲，神学，制订一个新的合成。 Baur believed that the authenticity of the various books could be determined by the degree to which they revealed "tendencies" of this conflict.鲍尔认为，真实性的各种书籍，可以决定在何种程度上，他们透露， “倾向”这一冲突。 He also traced out a similar kind of dialectical movement in the history of the church.他还追查了一个类似种的辩证运动，在教会的历史。
Although Baur began teaching at Tubingen in 1826, the school's founding is properly dated from the appearance of his pupil DF Strauss's Life of Jesus in 1835.虽然鲍尔开始任教于蒂宾根在1826年，学校的成立是正确的日期，但从外表看他的瞳孔测斯特劳斯的生命耶稣在1835年。 This marked the formal break between the old conservative school and the new radical antisupernaturalism.这标志着正式打破之间的旧保守的学校和新的激进antisupernaturalism 。 Bauer himself viewed Jesus in Hegelian terms as the exemplary embodiment of an idea that had greater universal significance that the concrete person of Jesus himself.宝华自己看耶稣在黑格尔的条款作为模范体现的想法有更大的普遍意义的具体人耶稣自己。 Soon a circle of young lecturers formed under the leadership of Eduard Zeller and in 1842 founded the principal mouthpiece of the school, the Tubinger theologische Jahrbucher.很快一个圆圈的年轻讲师组成的领导下，爱德华策勒尔和在1842年成立的主要喉舌，学校， tubinger theologische jahrbucher 。 (It went under in 1857 but was revived as the Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Theologie (1858 - 1914) under the auspices of Adolf Hilgenfeld, one of Baur's most extreme followers.) （到下于1857年，但复苏，作为zeitschrift毛皮wissenschaftliche theologie （ 1858 -1 914）的主持下，阿道夫h ilgenfeld之一，鲍尔的最极端的追随者） 。
By the late 1840s the Tubingen School came under severe attack and the various members gradually drifted away.由已故的19世纪40年代的蒂宾根学校来下严重攻击和各成员逐渐疏远。 Baur himself became isolated within the Tubingen faculty as well as the German academic community, and spent his last years defending his views and producing a multivolume history of the church from a naturalistic standpoint, which explained all events by a combination of political, social, cultural, and intellectual causes but without any consideration of divine influence.鲍尔自己成为孤立的内部蒂宾根学院，以及德国学术社区，并花了他的最后几年，捍卫他的意见，并制作一套多卷教会的历史，从自然角度看，这解释了的所有活动由一个结合政治，社会，文化和智力的原因，但没有考虑任何神圣的影响力。 Although relatively short - lived, the school with its emphasis on dialectical conflict within the early church, rejection of Pauline authorship of most of his epistles, and completely antisupernaturalistic outlook contributed significantly to the development of a historical - critical approach to the Bible that completely ignored the divine element in it.虽然相对较短-生活，学校其重点是辩证的冲突初期教会，拒绝宝莲，作者他的大部分书信，并完全a ntisupernaturalistic前景作出重大贡献的发展历史-关键的方法来圣经说，完全忽略了神圣的元素。
RV
Pierard风疹病毒皮耶拉尔
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ elwell福音事工促进会，字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
N Harris, The
Tubingen School; PC Hodgson, The Formation of Historical Theology: A Study of FC
Baur; K Barth, Protestant Theology in the Nineteenth Century; A Heron, A Century
of Protestant Theology; C Brown, NIDCC , 987. n哈里斯，蒂宾根学校;
PC的霍奇森，形成的历史神学：研究功能界别鲍尔; k巴特，新教神学在十九世纪;苍鹭，一个世纪的新教神学; c布朗， nidcc ， 987 。
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