Priscillian, dc 385, was a Spanish ascetic who founded the movement called Priscillianism, which was condemned as heretical by the church.普里西利安，直流385 ，这是一个西班牙语的禁欲谁创立了所谓的运动priscillianism ，这是谴责为异端邪说，由教会。 Despite his unorthodox views, which were apparently influenced by gnosticism and Manichaean dualism, he became bishop of Avila in 380.尽管他非正统的意见，这显然是受诺斯替教和摩尼教二元论，他成为主教阿维拉在380 。 He was later judged guilty of sorcery, however, and executed.他后来被判定犯有巫术，然而，执行枪决。 Priscillianism persisted in Spain until the 6th century. priscillianism坚持在西班牙，直到第六世纪。
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The movement is named after its originator, Priscillian of Avila, although he probably did not share the views of his successors on the nature of the Trinity.运动是命名后，其发端，普里西利安的阿维拉，虽然他可能不同意的意见，他的继任者对的性质，三位一体。 Priscillian himself was a talented layman who began to organize independent Bible study groups in which self - denial and a deeper spiritual life were emphasized along with the need to know the power of the living Word.普里西利安自己是一位天才的门外汉，谁开始组织独立的圣经研究组在其中的自我-否定和更深的精神生活，强调随需要知道的权力，生活字。 Women were encouraged to participate in these meetings and to exercise their gifts in ministry.鼓励妇女参加这些会议和行使他们的礼物，在部。 Many attached themselves to this movement.许多重视自己这个运动。 Even bishops and other clergy gave their support.甚至主教及其他神职人员了他们的支持。 Priscillian's emphasis on celibacy, however, ran afoul of the church, which confused his teaching with Manichaeism and condemned his doctrines at the Council of Sargossa in 380.普里西利安的重点是单身，不过，然相抵触的教会，这混淆了他的教学与摩尼教，并谴责他的学说在安理会的sargossa在380 。 He was nevertheless ordained as bishop of Avila amid growing controversy.不过，他祝圣主教的阿维拉中，越来越多的争议。 Ultimately, after unsuccessful appeals to Pope Damascus and Ambrose of Milan, Priscillian laid his case before the Emperor Maximus and was beheaded, along with six of his followers, at Triers in 385.最终，上诉失败后，教宗大马士革和刘汉铨的米兰，普里西利安奠定了他的案件之前，天皇鲆和被斩首，随着六的他的追随者，在triers在385 。 This appears to have been the first Christian execution for heresy and caused him to be venerated as a martyr, especially in Galicia.这似乎已成为第一基督教执行异端，使他受到崇敬成为烈士，特别是在加利西亚。
It is not always easy to separate the beliefs of Priscillian from those of his later followers.这是往往不容易分开的信念普里西利安从这些他后来的追随者。 Priscillian himself wrote a series of canons which appear in many texts of the Vulgate Bible.普里西利安自己写了一系列的大炮中出现的许多文本的武加大圣经。 He divided the Pauline epistles (in which he included the Epistle to the Hebrews) into a series of texts on the theological points and wrote an introduction to each.他划分宝莲，书信（他在其中包括书信，以希伯来）成一系列的文本的神学分，写了介绍。 These canons survived in a form edited by Peregrinus, who considered them an indispensable aid in the study of Scripture.这些大炮在存活的一种形式编辑peregrinus ，谁考虑他们的一个不可或缺的援助，在研究经文。 They contain a strong call to a life of personal piety and asceticism, including vegetarianism, teetotalism, and celibacy.它们含有强烈要求到一个生命的个人的虔诚和禁欲主义，包括素食， teetotalism ，和单身。 Slavery and sexual differences are abolished in Jesus Christ, and the charismatic gifts of all believers affirmed.奴役和性的差异是取消在耶稣基督，以及有魅力的礼物，所有信徒的肯定。 The elect were called to combat the devil and his evil powers, and to enter into a knowledge of the deep mysteries of God.该选举被称为打击魔鬼和他的邪恶的权力，并进入一个以知识的深层奥秘的上帝。
Priscillian and his followers placed considerable emphasis upon apocryphal works, which they did not regard as canonical but rather as helpful to the spiritually minded who could discern truth from error.普里西利安和他的追随者相当重视后，猜测工程，他们没有把作为典型，而是作为帮助该精神上的头脑谁可以看出，实事求是的错误。 Thus apocryphal writings are quoted significantly in Priscillianist writings.因此，猜测的著作中引用的显着priscillianist著作。 Generally ascribed to the Priscillianist school are the prologues to the four Gospels as they are found in many Old Latin texts.一般归因于该priscillianist学校是prologues向四福音，因为他们发现在许多老拉丁美洲的案文。 These are strongly monarchian in theology and do not allow for a clear distinction between the persons of the Godhead.这些都是强烈monarchian在神学和不容许为明确区分人的神的源头。 In 1889 G Schepss published a series of eleven treatises which he had discovered at Wurzburg.在一千八百八十九克schepss发表了一系列论文，其中11他发现在符兹堡。 Although the text named Priscillian as the author, it seems more probable that these treatises were written by one of his supporters.虽然文字命名普里西利安作为作者，似乎更多的可能，这些论文写他的一个支持者。 They too contain a strong emphasis on Bible study, an allegorical interpretation of Scripture, asceticism, and the unity of God rather than the Trinity.他们也含有强烈的重点放在圣经研究，寓言的解释经文，禁欲主义，和团结的上帝，而非三一。 Christ is frequently referred to as "ChristGod" and is called "unbegettable."基督是经常被称为“ christgod ” ，是所谓的“ unbegettable ” 。
Closely related to the Wurzburg treatises in both content and thought is a ninth century manuscript of an anonymous treatise, On the Trinity.密切相关，向符兹堡论文无论在内容和思想是第九世纪的手稿一无名氏论文，就三一。 Father and Son are declared to be names for the same person, with Father representing mind and Son word.父亲和儿子被宣布为名称为同一人，与父亲代表主意，儿子一句话。 There is also a fragment of a letter by Priscillian which is quoted by Orosius, a decidedly hostile witness.也有片段的信普里西利安这是所引述的orosius ，坚决敌对的证人。
The critics of Priscillianism accused the movement of astrology, sorcery, dualism, Manichaeism, Sabellianism, modalism, and outright lying.批评priscillianism被告人运动的占星术，巫术，二元，摩尼教，撒伯流主义，模态说，买断卖断说谎。 The strong following of women led to charges of sexual orgies.强烈以下的妇女，导致收费性orgies 。 Priscillianists were also said to teach that preexistent human souls were attached as a punishment to the body, which was the creation of the devil. priscillianists也说，教导preexistent人类灵魂附作为一种惩罚，以身体，这是创造魔鬼。 Thus the bodily humanity of Christ was denied, and fasting instituted on Christmas Day and Sundays.因此，人类的身体基督的被拒绝，并绝食提起圣诞日及星期日。 Priscillianism continued at least until 563, when it was officially condemned by the Council of Braga. priscillianism继续，至少到563 ，当它被正式谴责安理会的布拉加。
RC Kroeger and CC Kroeger钢筋混凝土kroeger和CC kroeger
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary) （ elwell福音事工促进会，字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
H Chadwick,
Priscillian of Avila; J Chapman, Notes on the Early History of the Vulgate
Gospels. h查德威克，普里西利安的阿维拉; j查普曼指出，对早期历史的武加大福音。
This heresy originated in Spain in the fourth century and was derived from the Gnostic-Manichaean doctrines taught by Marcus, an Egyptian from Memphis.这异端起源于西班牙，在第四世纪和来自gnostic -摩尼教的教义教由Marcus ，埃及从灰熊队。 His first adherents were a lady named Agape and a rhetorician named Helpidius, through whose influence Priscillian "a man of noble birth, of great riches, bold, restless, eloquent, learned through much reading, very ready at debate and discussion (Sulpicius Severus, "His. Sac.", II, 46) was also enrolled. His high position and great gifts made him the leader of the party and he became an ardent apostle of the new doctrines. Through his oratorical gifts and reputation for extreme asceticism he attracted a large following. Among those drawn to him were two bishops, Instantius and Salvianus. The adherents of the new sect organized themselves into an oath-bound society the rapid spread of which attracted the attention of the Catholic Bishop of Cordova, Hyginus, who made known his fears to Idacius, Bishop of Emeritu, and, at the instance of the latter and of Ithacius of Ossanova, a synod was held at Saragossa in 380. Bishops were present at this synod not only from Spain but from Aquitaine. Though summoned, the Priscillianists refused to appear, and the synod pronounced sentence of excommunication against the four leaders, Instantius, Salvianus, Helpidius, and Priscillian.他的第一信徒被一位名为爱德和rhetorician命名helpidius ，通过其影响普里西利安“一名男子的崇高出生，具有十分重要的财富，大胆，躁动不安，雄辩滔滔，据悉，通过多读，非常愿意在辩论和讨论（ sulpicius塞维鲁， “他的。国资委。 ”第一，二， 46岁）也参加，他的崇高地位和伟大的礼物，使他领导的党和他成为一个殷切的使徒的新学说，通过他的演讲礼物和声誉的极端禁欲主义，他吸引了一个大以下，其中包括制定他的两位主教， instantius和salvianus 。遗民的新教派组织起来，成为一个宣誓的约束，社会的迅速蔓延引起注意的天主教主教科尔多瓦， hyginus ，是谁众所周知，他的恐惧，以idacius ，主教emeritu ，并在实例，后者和ithacius的ossanova ，主教举行了萨拉戈萨在380 。主教出席主教会议，这不仅是由西班牙，但由阿基坦，虽然传唤，该priscillianists拒绝出现，而主教的突出句绝罚对四位领导人， instantius ， salvianus ， helpidius ，普里西利安。
The enforcement of the synod's decrees was committed to Ithacius, an impulsive and violent man.执法主教会议的法令，致力于ithacius ，一冲动和暴力的人。 He failed to bring the heretics to terms, and, in defiance, Priscillian was ordained to the priesthood and appointed Bishop of Avila.他没有把异端条款，并在违抗，普里西利安被祝圣为神父，并任命主教的阿维拉。 Idacius and Ithacius appealed to the imperial authorities. idacius和ithacius呼吁帝国当局。 The Emperor Gratian issued a decree which not only deprived the Priscillianists of the churches into which they had intruded themselves but sentenced Priscillian and his followers to exile.皇帝gratian颁布了一项法令，这不仅剥夺了priscillianists的教会到他们侵入自己，但被判刑普里西利安和他的追随者流亡。 Instantius, Salvianus, and Priscillian proceeded to Rome to gain the aid of Pope Damasus in having this sentence revoked. instantius ， salvianus ，普里西利安接着罗马获得援助教宗达玛斯在后，这句话被撤销。 Denied an audience, they went to Milan to make a similar request of St. Ambrose, but with the same result.无可否认的观众，他们前往米兰作出了类似的请求，圣，刘汉铨，但同样的结果。 They then resorted to intrigue and bribery at the Court with such success that they were not only freed from the sentence of exile, but permitted to regain possession of their churches in Spain, where, under the patronage of the imperial officials, they enjoyed such power as to compel Ithacius to withdraw from the country.然后，他们诉诸阴谋和贿赂在法庭上如此的成功，他们不但摆脱了一句流亡，但准许恢复藏有他们的教堂在西班牙，那里的赞助下帝国官员，他们所享有的这种权力作为迫使ithacius撤出该国。 He, in turn, appealed to Gratian, but before anything had been accomplished the emperor was murdered in Paris, and the usurper Maximus had taken his place.他，在反过来，呼吁gratian ，但之前，一切都还没有完成皇帝被谋杀，在巴黎，和篡权鲆已采取他的位置。
Maximus, wishing to curry favour with the orthodox party and to replenish his treasury through confiscations, gave orders for a synod, which was held in Bordeaux in 384. Maximus ，为有意咖喱赞成与东正教党和充实国库，他通过没收，下令一个主教，这是在波尔多举行的在384 。 Instantius was first tried and condemned to deposition. instantius是首次尝试，并谴责以沉积。 Thereupon Priscillian appealed to the emperor at Trier.于是普里西利安呼吁天皇在特里尔。 Ithacius acted as his accuser and was so vehement in his denunciations that St. Martin of Tours, who was then in Trier, intervened, and, after expressing his disapproval of bringing an ecclesiastical case before a civil tribunal, obtained from the emperor a promise not to carry his condemnation to the extent of shedding blood. ithacius担任他的原告是如此的强烈，他谴责说，圣马丁的旅行团，谁当时在特里尔，干预，以及后表示，他不赞成把一个教会的情况之前，民事法庭，获得了从皇帝的承诺，不进行他的谴责的程度流血。 After St. Martin had left the city, the emperor appointed the Prefect Evodius as judge.圣马丁后，已离开城市，皇帝任命的长官evodius担任法官。 He found Priscillian and some others guilty of the crime of magic.他发现普里西利安和其他一些犯了罪的魔术。 This decision was reported to the emperor who put Priscillian and several of his followers to the sword; the property of others was confiscated and they were banished.这项决定是报给皇帝谁把普里西利安和几个他的追随者剑;他人的财产被没收，他们被流放。 The conduct of Ithacius immediately met with the severest reprobation.进行ithacius立即遭到最严厉的reprobation 。 St. Martin, hearing what had taken place, returned to Trier and compelled the emperor to rescind an order to the military tribunes, already on their way to Spain to extirpate the heresy.圣马丁，听觉了什么地方，返回特里尔和迫使皇帝撤销一，以军事论坛，已经对他们的方式到西班牙， extirpate邪教。 There is no ground in the condemnation and death of Priscillian for the charge made against the Church of having invoked the civil authority to punish heretics.有没有理由在谴责和死亡普里西利安为负责对教会援引公务员的权力惩罚异端。 The pope censured not only the actions of Ithacius but also that of the emperor.教宗谴责，不仅行动ithacius ，但也就是皇帝。 St. Ambrose was equally stern in his denunciation of the case and some of the Gallican bishops, who were in Trier under the leadership of Theognistus, broke off communion with Ithacius, who was subsequently deposed from his see by a synod of Spanish bishops, and his friend and abettor Idatius, was compelled to resign.圣刘汉铨同样斯特恩在他退出的情况和部分的gallican主教，谁都是在特里尔的领导下， theognistus ，断绝交流与ithacius ，谁其后被废黜，他看到由一名主教，西班牙主教，和他的朋友及教唆非法入境者idatius ，是被迫辞职。
The death of Priscillian and his followers had an unlooked for sequel.死亡普里西利安和他的追随者了unlooked为续集。 The numbers and zeal of the heretics increased; those who were executed were venerated as saints and martyrs.人数和热情的异端增加;那些谁被处决的人崇敬的，作为圣人和烈士。 The progress and spread of the heresy called for fresh measures of repression.进展和蔓延的邪教，所谓新鲜的镇压措施。 In 400 a synod was held in Toledo at which many among them two bishops, Symphonius and Dictinnius were reconciled to the Church.在400 1主教举行了在托莱多在许多其中两位主教， symphonius和dictinnius被调和，以教会。 Dictinnius was the author of a book "Libra" (Scales), a moral treatise from the Priscillianist viewpoint. dictinnius是一书的作者“天秤座” （规模） ，一个道德论文从priscillianist的观点。 The upheaval in the Spanish peninsula consequent on the invasion of the Vandals and the Suevi aided the spread of Priscillianism.动乱，在西班牙半岛相应的对入侵的破坏和suevi资助的蔓延priscillianism 。 So menacing was this revival that Orosius, a Spanish priest, wrote to St. Augustine (415) to enlist his aid in combating the heresy.因此，来势这是复兴认为， orosius ，一名西班牙神父，写信给圣奥古斯丁（ 415 ） ，以争取援助，他在打击邪教。 Pope Leo at a later date took active steps for its repression and at his urgent insistence councils were held in 446 and 447 at Astorga, Toledo, and Galicia.教宗利奥在稍后的日期采取了积极步骤，其镇压和在他的紧急坚持议会举行了在446和447在阿斯托加，托莱多，和加利西亚。 In spite of these efforts the sect continued to spread during the fifth century.尽管有这些努力，该教派继续蔓延在第五个世纪。 In the following century it commenced to decline, and after the Synod of Braga, held in 563, had legislated concerning it, it soon died out.在以下几个世纪展开下降，后主教的布拉加举行的563 ，已制定关于它，它很快死亡。
In regard to the doctrines and teaching of Priscillian and his sect, it is not necessary to go into the merits of the discussion as to whether Priscillian was guilty of the errors traditionally ascribed to him, whether he was really a heretic, or whether he was unjustly condemned -- the object of misunderstanding and reprobation even in his lifetime and afterwards made to bear the burden of heretical opinions subsequently developed and associated with his name.在考虑到理论和教学普里西利安和他的教派，这是没有必要进入的优点，讨论，至于是否普里西利安犯的错误传统归因于他，他是否真的是邪教，或他是否被不公正的谴责-对象的误解和r eprobation，甚至在他一生中和事后作出承担邪教的意见，随后发达国家和相关他的名字。 The weight of evidence and the entire course of events in his lifetime make the supposition of his innocence extremely improbable.重量的证据和整个事件的过程在他的一生作出假设他是清白非常难以琢磨的。 The discovery by Schepss of eleven treatises from his pen in a fifth or sixth-century manuscript, in the library of the University of Würzburg, has not put an end to a controversy still involved in considerable difficulty.发现schepss的11论文从他的笔在第五或第六世纪的手稿，在图书馆，大学，维尔茨堡，却没有付诸表决，结束了争论，仍然参与了相当的困难。 Kunstle (Antipriscilliana), who has examined all the testimony, has decided in favour of the traditional view, which alone seems capable of offering any adequate solution of the fact that the Church in Spain and Aquitaine was aroused to activity by the separatist tendency in the Priscillianist movement. kunstle （ antipriscilliana ） ，谁审查了所有的证词，已决定在赞成的传统观点，这似乎仅能够提供任何适当的解决方案，这一事实，即教会在西班牙和阿基坦是引起活动是由分离主义倾向，在priscillianist运动。
The foundation of the doctrines of the Priscillianists was Gnostic-Manichaean Dualism, a belief in the existence of two kingdoms, one of Light and one of Darkness.基础理论的priscillianists是gnostic -摩尼教二元，一个信念在存在着两个王国，一轻一黑暗的。 Angels and the souls of men were said to be severed from the substance of the Deity.天使和灵魂的男子说是切断了从实质神。 Human souls were intended to conquer the Kingdom of Darkness, but fell and were imprisoned in material bodies.人类灵魂的用意是要征服王国的黑暗，但下跌和被囚禁在材料的机构。 Thus both kingdoms were represented in man, and hence a conflict symbolized on the side of Light by the Twelve Patriarchs, heavenly spirits, who corresponded to certain of man's powers, and, on the side of Darkness, by the Signs of the Zodiac, the symbols of matter and the lower kingdom.因此，这两个王国的代表出席了在人，因此，冲突的象征就一边轻由12 patriarchs ，天上的精神，谁相当于某些人的权力，并在一侧的黑暗，由标志的十二生肖，符号的物质和较低的英国。 The salvation of man consists in liberation from the domination of matter.拯救名男子组成，在解放从统治的问题。 The twelve heavenly spirits having failed to accomplish their release, the Saviour came in a heavenly body which appeared to be like that of other men, and through His doctrine and His apparent death released the souls of the men from the influence of the material.该12天的精神，未能完成将他们释放，救星来了天堂的机构，似乎是一样，其他的男子，并通过他的学说和他的明显死亡释放灵魂的男性从影响的物质。
These doctrines could be harmonized with the teaching of Scripture only by a strange system of exegesis, in which the liberal sense was entirely rejected, and an equally strange theory of personal inspiration.这些理论可以统一与教学的经文，只有一个奇怪的制度，注释，在这种自由的意识是完全拒绝，和一个同样奇怪的理论，个人的灵感。 The Old Testament was received, but the narrative of creation was rejected.旧约收到，但叙事的创作被驳回。 Several of the apocryphal Scriptures were acknowledged to be genuine and inspired.数的猜测经文被公认是真正的和鼓舞。 The ethical side of the Dualism of Priscillian with its low concept of nature gave rise to an indecent system of asceticism as well as to some peculiar liturgical observances, such as fasting on Sundays and on Christmas Day.伦理方面的二元论普里西利安与低的概念，性质，产生了一个不雅系统的禁欲主义以及一些特有的礼仪纪念活动，如禁食，星期日及圣诞日。 Because their doctrines were esoteric and exoteric, and because it was believed that men in general could not understand the higher paths, the Priscillianists, or at least those of them who were enlightened, were permitted to tell lies for the sake of a holy end.因为他们的教义被深奥和开放式，因为它认为，男性在一般无法理解更高的路径， priscillianists ，或者至少那些他们谁被开明，允许说谎，是为了一个神圣的结束。 It was because this doctrine was likely to be a scandal even to the faithful that Augustine wrote his famous work, "De mendacio".这是因为这一理论有可能是一个丑闻，甚至到了忠实说，奥古斯丁写了他著名的工作， “德mendacio ” 。
Publication information Written by PJ Healy.出版的资料，撰写的PJ - Healy ） 。 Transcribed by Matt Dean.转录由马特院长。 The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XII.天主教百科全书，货量十二。 Published 1911. 1911年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特阿普尔顿公司。 Nihil Obstat, June 1, 1911. nihil obstat ， 1911年6月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.的Remy lafort ，性病，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰farley枢机主教，大主教，纽约
Bibliography参考书目
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