The Pilgrims were English Separatists who founded (1620) Plymouth Colony in New England.朝圣者被英语分裂谁成立（ 1620 ）普利茅斯殖民地，在新英格兰。 In the first years of the 17th century, small numbers of English Puritans broke away from the Church of England because they felt that it had not completed the work of the Reformation.在头几年的17世纪，小号码的英语清教徒脱离教会的英格兰因为他们认为，它没有完成的工作改革。 They committed themselves to a life based on the Bible.他们承诺，以生命的基础上，圣经。 Most of these Separatists were farmers, poorly educated and without social or political standing.大部分这些分离主义者是农民，低学历和没有社会或政治地位。 One of the Separatist congregations was led by William Brewster and the Rev. Richard Clifton in the village of Scrooby in Nottinghamshire.一个分裂的教会是由威廉布鲁斯特及牧师理查德克利夫顿在村司寇在诺丁汉。 The Scrooby group emigrated to Amsterdam in 1608 to escape harassment and religious persecution.该司寇组移居阿姆斯特丹，在1608年逃脱的骚扰和迫害宗教。 The next year they moved to Leiden, where, enjoying full religious freedom, they remained for almost 12 years.未来一年，他们转移到莱顿，其中，享有充分的宗教信仰自由，他们仍然是将近12年。
In 1617, discouraged by economic difficulties, the pervasive Dutch influence on their children, and their inability to secure civil autonomy, the congregation voted to emigrate to America.在1617年，气馁的经济困难，无孔不入的荷兰语的影响，他们的子女，他们无法以确保公务员的自主权，聚集投反对票移民到美国。 Through the Brewster family's friendship with Sir Edwin Sandys, treasurer of the London Company, the congregation secured two patents authorizing them to settle in the northern part of the company's jurisdiction.通过布鲁斯特家庭的友谊与主席先生埃德温sandys ，库伦敦的公司，聚集担保的两项专利，授权他们定居在北部的一部分，该公司的管辖范围。 Unable to finance the costs of the emigration with their own meager resources, they negotiated a financial agreement with Thomas Weston, a prominent London iron merchant.无法财务费用移民用自己的微薄资源，他们达成了一项协议，金融与托马斯威斯顿，一个突出伦敦铁商船。 Fewer than half of the group's members elected to leave Leiden.只有不到一半的工作组的成员当选离开莱顿。 A small ship, the Speedwell, carried them to Southampton, England, where they were to join another group of Separatists and pick up a second ship.一个小型船舶， speedwell ，进行他们南安普顿，英格兰，他们在那里被加入另一批分离主义分子，并挑选了第二船。 After some delays and disputes, the voyagers regrouped at Plymouth aboard the 180 - ton Mayflower.之后，一些延误和纠纷，旅行者集结在普利茅斯机上180 -五月花吨。 It began its historic voyage on Sept. 16, 1620, with about 102 passengers - fewer than half of them from Leiden.它开始其历史性航程中对1620年9月16日，大约102名乘客-只有不到一半的他们由L eiden。
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The term Pilgrim was first used by William Bradford to describe the Leiden Separatists who were leaving Holland.任期朝圣者首次使用了由威廉布拉德福德来形容莱顿分裂谁离开荷兰。 The Mayflower's passengers were first described as the Pilgrim Fathers in 1799.五月花的乘客首先描述为朝圣者的父亲在1799年。
Oscar Zeichner奥斯卡zeichner
Bibliography
参考书目
W Bradford, Of
Plymouth Plantation, 1620 - 1647 (1952); F Dillon, The Pilgrims (1975); C Gill,
Mayflower Remembered: A History of the Plymouth Pilgrims (1970); J Harris, Saga
of the Pilgrims (1990); AW / RC Notson, eds., Stepping Stones: The Pilgrim's Own
Story (1987); D Plooij, Pilgrim Fathers from a Dutch Point of View (1932); B
Smith, Bradford of Plymouth (1951); RG Usher, Pilgrims and Their History (1918);
GF Willison, The Pilgrim Reader (1953) and Saints and Strangers: Pilgrim Fathers
(1965).瓦特布拉德福德，普利茅斯种植， 1620 -1 647（ 1 952） ，女狄龙，朝圣者（ 1 975年）
;乔乐平，五月花记住：历史的普利茅斯的朝圣者（ 1 970年） ; j哈里斯，佐贺的朝圣者（ 1 990年）
;胡仙/钢筋混凝土notson编，踏脚石：朝圣者自己的故事（ 1987条） ， d plooij ，朝圣者的父亲从荷兰的角度来看， （ 1932条） ，
b史密斯，布拉德福德的普利茅斯（ 1951年） ;迎来的RG ，朝圣者和他们的历史（ 1918年） ;绿willison ，朝圣者的读者（
1953年）和圣徒和陌生人：朝圣者的父亲（ 1965年） 。
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