Pentecost is a term derived from the Greek pentekostos, meaning fiftieth, which was applied to the fiftieth day after the passover.圣灵降临节是一个长远的来自希腊pentekostos ，意思是五十分之一，这是适用于五十天之后，逾越节。 It was the culmination of the feast of weeks (Exod. 34:22; Deut. 16:10), which began on the third day after the passover with the presentation of the first harvest sheaves to God and which concluded with the offering of two loaves of unleavened bread, representing the first products of the harvest (Lev. 23:17 - 20; Deut. 16:9 - 10).这是高潮的节日周（ exod. 34:22 ; deut 。 16时10分） ，开始对后第三天逾越节与介绍了第一层的收获向上帝和结束时提供2面包的发酵面包，代表的第一批产品的收获（ lev. 23时17 -2 0; d eut。 1 6时0 9- 10 ）。 After the Exile it became one of the great pilgrimage feasts of Judaism, at which many of those who lived in remote sections of the Roman world returned to Jerusalem for worship (Acts. 10:16).之后，流亡成为一个伟大的朝圣节日的犹太教，在其中的许多人谁住在偏远的路段罗马世界返回耶路撒冷为崇拜（ acts. 10时16分） 。 For that reason it served as a bond to unite the Jewish world of the first century and to remind them of their history.出于这个原因，它充当保证金，以团结犹太人的世界第一世纪，并提醒他们的历史。
In the Christian church Pentecost is the anniversary of the coming of the Holy Spirit. When Jesus ascended, he instructed his disciples to remain in Jerusalem until they should receive power from on high. 在基督教教会的圣灵降临节是周年的到来，圣灵，当耶稣登基，他指示他的弟子留在耶路撒冷，直到他们应该得到的权力来自于高。 As a group of 120 were praying in an upper room in Jerusalem fifty days after his death, the Holy Spirit descended upon them with the sound of a great wind and with tongues of fire which settled upon each of them.作为一个集团的120人祈祷，在一顶楼房间在耶路撒冷五十○天逝世后，圣灵下降后，他们与健全的一个伟大的风和与舌头的火警解决后，他们每个人。 They began to speak in other languages and to preach boldly in the name of Christ, with the result that three thousand were converted.他们开始发言，在其他语言和鼓吹大胆地在名称基督的，其结果是， 3000被转换。 This tremendous manifestation of divine power marked the beginning of the church, which has ever since regarded Pentecost as its birthday.这一巨大的表现神圣的权力，标志着教会，这是以往任何时候都自认为是圣灵降临节作为其生日。
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(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary) （ elwell福音事工促进会，字典）
Pentecost, ie, "fiftieth", found only in the New Testament (Acts 2:1; 20:16; 1 Cor. 16:8).圣灵降临节，即“第五十” ，发现只有在新约圣经（ 2:1行为; 20时16分;一肺心病。 16时08分） 。 The festival so named is first spoken of in Ex.艺术节的名称，首先是在谈到前。 23:16 as "the feast of harvest," and again in Ex. 23时16分，作为“节日收获” ，再次在特惠。 34:22 as "the day of the firstfruits" (Num. 28:26). 34:22为“天的firstfruits ” （ num. 28:26 ） 。 From the sixteenth of the month of Nisan (the second day of the Passover), seven complete weeks, ie, forty-nine days, were to be reckoned, and this feast was held on the fiftieth day.从第十六至本月底的尼散月（第二天的逾越节） ， 7周完成，即四十九天，不容忽视，这盛宴举行了五十天。 The manner in which it was to be kept is described in Lev.以何种方式，它是为了保持中描述的列弗。 23:15-19; Num. 23:15-19 ; NUM个。 28:27-29. 28:27-29 。 Besides the sacrifices prescribed for the occasion, every one was to bring to the Lord his "tribute of a free-will offering" (Deut. 16:9-11).除了牺牲，为明之际，每个人都被带向耶和华他的“致敬，是一个自由-将提供” （申命记16:9-11 ） 。 The purpose of this feast was to commemorate the completion of the grain harvest.的目的，这个节日是为纪念完成粮食的收获季节。 Its distinguishing feature was the offering of "two leavened loaves" made from the new corn of the completed harvest, which, with two lambs, were waved before the Lord as a thank offering.其显着特点是提供“两个leavened面包” ，从玉米新的收获完成，其中，有两个羔羊，被挥舞着耶和华面前作为感谢提供。 The day of Pentecost is noted in the Christian Church as the day on which the Spirit descended upon the apostles, and on which, under Peter's preaching, so many thousands were converted in Jerusalem (Acts 2).五旬节是指出，在基督教教堂作为天就其中的精神后裔后，使徒，及对，根据彼得的说教，这么多，数千人在耶路撒冷的转换（行为2 ） 。
(Easton Illustrated Dictionary) （伊斯顿说明字典）
A feast of the universal Church which commemorates the Descent of the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles, fifty days after the Resurrection of Christ, on the ancient Jewish festival called the "feast of weeks" or Pentecost (Exodus 34:22; Deuteronomy 16:10).盛宴的普世教会，这是纪念后裔的圣灵后，使徒，五十零天后复活的基督，对古代犹太节所谓的“七七节”或圣灵降临节（出埃及记34:22 ;申命记16时10分） 。 Whitsunday is so called from the white garments which were worn by those who were baptised during the vigil; Pentecost ("Pfingsten" in German), is the Greek for "the fiftieth" (day after Easter).圣灵降临节，是所谓的从白色服装，其中所穿的那些谁被受洗礼在守夜;圣灵降临节（ “ pfingsten ”在德语） ，是希腊语“五十” （天之后，复活节） 。
Whitsunday, as a Christian feast, dates back to the first century, although there is no evidence that it was observed, as there is in the case of Easter; the passage in I Corinthians (16:8) probably refers to the Jewish feast.圣灵降临节，身为基督徒的节日，可以追溯到第一世纪，虽然目前并没有证据显示有人指出，由于现时在该案件复活节;通过在哥林多前书（ 16时08分） ，可能是指犹太人的盛宴。 This is not surprising, for the feast, originally of only one day's duration, fell on a Sunday; besides it was so closely bound up with Easter that it appears to be not much more than the termination of Paschal tide.这并不奇怪，为宴，原本只有一天的时间，就下跌1周日;此外，它是如此息息相关，与复活节，这似乎是没有多大以上终止逾越节的潮流。 That Whitsunday belongs to the Apostolic times is stated in the seventh of the (interpolated) fragments attributed to St. Irenæus.这圣灵降临节属于向使徒时代是在七分之一的（插值）片段，归因于圣irenæus 。 In Tertullian (De bapt., xix) the festival appears as already well established.在良（德bapt ，十九）节似乎已有一套行之有效的。 The Gallic pilgrim gives a detailed account of the solemn manner in which it was observed at Jerusalem ("Peregrin. Silviæ", ed. Geyer, iv).该没食子朝圣者提供了详细交代严正以何种方式据观察所得，在耶路撒冷（ “ peregrin 。 silviæ ” ，教育署。赫耶尔，四） 。 The Apostolic Constitutions (V, xx, 17) say that Pentecost lasts one week, but in the West it was not kept with an octave until at quite a late date.使徒宪法（五， XX条， 17条）说，圣灵降临节为期一周，但在西方，这是没有保存与倍频，直到在相当晚的日期。 It appears from Berno of Reichenau (d. 1048) that it was a debatable point in his time whether Whitsunday ought to have an octave.看来，从berno的reichenau （四1048年） ，这是一个值得商榷的一点，在他的圣灵降临节的时间，是否应该有一个八度。 At present it is of equal rank with Easter Sunday.目前，这是同等级别与复活节周日。 During the vigil formerly the catechumens who remained from Easter were baptized, consequently the ceremonies on Saturday are similar to those on Holy Saturday.在晚会前慕道者谁仍然从复活节被洗礼，因此仪式上周六是类似那些在圣周六。
The office of Pentecost has only one Nocturn during the entire week.办公室的圣灵降临节，只有一个nocturn在整个星期。 At Terce the "Veni Creator" is sung instead of the usual hymn, because at the third hour the Holy Ghost descended.在泰尔塞“ veni的创造者”是宋，而非通常的赞美诗，因为在第三小时圣灵的后裔。 The Mass has a Sequence, "Veni Sancte Spiritus" the authorship of which by some is ascribed to King Robert of France.地下有一个序列， “ veni sancte spiritus ”的作者，其中一些是归因于国王罗伯特的法国。 The colour of the vestments is red, symbolic of the love of the Holy Ghost or of the tongues of fire.颜色的vestments是红色，象征爱情的圣灵或对舌头的，小心防火。 Formerly the law courts did not sit during the entire week, and servile work was forbidden.以前法院没有静坐期间，整个星期，和奴役性的工作被禁止。 A Council of Constance (1094) limited this prohibition to the first three days of the week.一会，康斯坦茨湖（ 1094 ）有限公司，这禁止的头三天的一周。 The Sabbath rest of Tuesday was abolished in 1771, and in many missionary territories also that of Monday; the latter was abrogated for the entire Church by Pius X in 1911.安息日休息的周二是取消了在1771年，而且在许多传教土也指出，周一;后者是废止，为整个教会所庇护的X 1911 。 Still, as at Easter, the liturgical rank of Monday and Tuesday of Pentecost week is a Double of the First Class.但是，随着复活节，礼仪职级的周一周二和圣灵降临周是一个双重的头等舱。
In Italy it was customary to scatter rose leaves from the ceiling of the churches to recall the miracle of the fiery tongues; hence in Sicily and elsewhere in Italy Whitsunday is called Pascha rosatum.在意大利这是习惯，以分散上升叶片从天花板的教会记得奇迹火热的舌头;因此，在西西里岛和其他地方的在意大利圣灵降临节，是所谓的复活rosatum 。 The Italian name Pascha rossa comes from the red colours of the vestments used on Whitsunday.意大利的名称逾越节rossa来自红颜色的vestments用在圣灵降临节。 In France it was customary to blow trumpets during Divine service, to recall the sound of the mighty wind which accompanied the Descent of the Holy Ghost.在法国这是习惯，以打击小号，在神的服务，记得的声音，强大的风力，其中伴随着后裔的圣灵。 In England the gentry amused themselves with horse races.在英格兰士绅有趣自己与赌马。 The Whitsun Ales or merrymakings are almost wholly obsolete in England.该whitsun 8月或merrymakings是几乎完全过时，在英格兰。 At these ales the Whitsun plays were performed.在这些8月该whitsun戏剧演出。 At Vespers of Pentecost in the Oriental Churches the extraordinary service of genuflexion, accompanied by long poetical prayers and psalms, takes place.在晚祷的圣灵降临节在东方教会的特殊服务genuflexion ，伴随着长期的诗意的祈祷和诗篇，发生。 (Cf. Maltzew, "Fasten-und Blumen Triodion", p. 898 where the entire Greco-Russian service is given; cf. also Baumstark, "Jacobit. Fest brevier", p. 255.) On Pentecost the Russians carry flowers and green branches in their hands. （参见maltzew ， “法尔胜- und芒triodion ” ，第898那里整个希腊俄罗斯服务是给予;比照也baumstark ， “ jacobit 。 brevier巨星汇” ，页255 ）对圣灵降临节，俄罗斯进行的花朵和绿色分行在他们手中。
Publication information Written by FG Holweck.出版的资料，撰写的纤维蛋白原holweck 。 Transcribed by Wm Stuart French, Jr..转录由西医结合斯图尔特法语，小。 Dedicated to Brenda Eileen Metcalfe French The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume XV.致力于布伦达张爱玲麦特卡夫法国天主教百科全书，货量十五。 Published 1912. 1912年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特阿普尔顿公司。 Nihil Obstat, October 1, 1912. nihil obstat ， 1912年10月1日。 Remy Lafort, STD, Censor.的Remy lafort ，性病，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰farley枢机主教，大主教，纽约
Bibliography参考书目
KELNEER, Heortology (St. Louis, 1908); HAMPSON, Medii viæ kalendarium, I (London, 1841) 280 sqq.; BRAND-ELLIS, Popular Antiquities, I (London, 1813), 26 sqq.; NILLES, Kalendarium Manuale, II (Innsbruck, 1897), 370 sqq. kelneer ， heortology （圣路易斯， 1908 ） ;汉普森， medii viæ kalendarium ，我（伦敦， 1841 ） 280 sqq 。 ;品牌-埃利斯，受欢迎的古物，我（伦敦， 1813年） ，第26 sqq 。 ; nilles ， kalendarium manuale ，第二组（因斯布鲁克， 1897年） ， 370 sqq 。
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