New School Presbyterianism embodied mainstream evangelical Christianity in the middle decades of the nineteenth century.新学年presbyterianism体现主流福音派基督教在中东几十年的十九世纪。 Its modified Calvinist theology, enthusiasm for revivalism, moral reform, and interdenominational cooperation were its most notable characteristics.其改性calvinist神学，热情，复兴，道德改革，和教派间的合作是其最显着的特点。
New School theology had its remote roots in the Calvinism of Jonathan Edwards, but its immediate predecessor was the New Haven theology of Nathaniel Taylor, who advocated a theology of moral government.新学年的神学有其远程扎根于加尔文的乔纳森爱德华兹，但其即时的前身是新的避难所，神学纳撒尼尔泰勒，谁主张神学的道德的政府。 He synthesized moralistic elements from Scottish commonsense philosophy with reinterpretations of traditional Calvinism to construct a semi - Pelagian foundation for revivalism.他合成的道德要素从苏格兰常识哲学与reinterpretations传统的加尔文兴建一个半-p elagian基础复兴。 Denying the imputation of Adam's sin and claiming that unregenerate man can respond to moral overtures, especially Christ's death, Taylor argued that men need not wait passively for the Holy Spirit to redeem them.无可否认，归责亚当的单仲偕和声称unregenerate男子可以回应的道德序曲，尤其是基督的死，泰勒认为，男性不必等待被动圣灵来赎回他们。 His views reflected a long - standing American faith in human freedom.他的意见反映了长期-常委会美国在人类的信仰自由。
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Schism divided the two schools of Presbyterians in 1837 when an Old School majority expelled New School members for tolerating theological errors.裂分为两所学校的presbyterians在1837年时，一老同学，大部分被驱逐的新学年成员容忍的神学错误。 Differences over a plan of union with Congregationalists and slavery played a secondary role.分歧的计划又称为“公理派”联盟和奴役中起次要作用。 Those ejected published the Auburn Declaration, which denied sixteen accusations alleged by the Old School.这些跳伞公布了奥本宣言，否认指控， 16所指控的老学校。 The declaration affirmed a weakened view of imputation, Adam's sinful act was not counted against all men, but all men after Adam were sinners, supported Christ's substitutionary atonement, and asserted that the work of the Holy Spirit, not human choice, was the basis of regeneration.宣言肯定削弱鉴于归责，亚当的罪恶行为是不是算对所有男性，但所有男人后，亚当被罪人，支持基督的substitutionary赎罪，并声称的工作，圣灵，而不是人的选择，是基础再生。 It was a compromise between New England theology and the Westminister Confession.这是一个折衷的新英格兰神学和westminister招供。
This modified Calvinism was used to champion activism in American social life.这改性加尔文被用来冠军的积极性在美国社会生活。 Voluntary societies consisting of members from various denominations carried out missionary activity and combated social ills.自愿组成的社团成员来自各面额进行传教活动和打击社会弊病。 These constructive crusades, in which New School Presbyterians played a leading role, were inspired by postmillennial expectations of progress.这些建设性的十字军东征，在这所新校的presbyterians扮演了主导角色，受到启发postmillennial期望的进展。
In the decades after 1840 New School theology became more conservative.在几十年来后， 1840年新学年神学变得更为保守。 Its proponents widely criticized Finney's prefectionism.它的倡议者的广泛批评，芬尼的prefectionism 。 They attacked Darwinism, early biblical criticism, and German philosophy and theology.他们攻击达尔文主义，早在圣经的批评，和德国的哲学和神学。 Henry B Smith of Union Theological Seminary emerged as the leading spokesman.亨利b史密斯联盟神出现了作为领先的发言人。 His defense of systematic theology and biblical infallibility and his perceptions that New Schoolers had become more orthodox were influential in the reunion of the Presbyterian Church in 1869.他的防御系统神学和圣经infallibility和他的看法，认为新的儿童已变得更加正统的人有影响力的，在团聚的长老教会于1869年。
WA
Hoffecker华hoffecker
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ elwell福音事工促进会，字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
A Barnes, Notes
on the Epistle to the Romans; CG Finney, Lectures on Revivals of Religion; G
Marsden, The Evangelical Mind and the New School Presbyterian Experience; TL
Smith, Revivalism and Social Reform; NW Taylor, Lectures on the Moral Government
of God.
1班，债券在书信向罗马;的CG芬尼，讲座，复苏宗教;克马斯登，福音事工促进会的头脑和新学年的长老会的经验;铊史密斯，复兴和社会改革;净重泰勒，讲座上的道德政府上帝。
Lyman Beecher (1775-1863) was an American Presbyterian clergyman, born in New Haven, Connecticut, and educated at Yale College (now Yale University).赖曼伊丽莎白比（ 1775年至1863年）是美国长老会牧师，出生在新的避难所，康涅狄格和教育，在耶鲁学院（现为耶鲁大学） 。 He became pastor of the Presbyterian Church at East Hampton, New York, in 1798.他成为牧师的长老教会在东汉普顿，纽约，在1798年。 At this church, in 1804, he attained national prominence through his brilliant sermon on the death of the American statesman Alexander Hamilton, who was killed in a duel with the American statesman Aaron Burr.在这个教会，于1804年，他取得了突出的国家，通过他的光辉讲道中对死亡的美国政治家亚历山大汉密尔顿，谁被打死在决斗与美国的政治家，亚伦毛刺。 Beecher held pastorates successively at Litchfield, Connecticut, and Boston between 1810 and 1832, and during this period he became known as one of the most eloquent preachers of his time.伊丽莎白比举行pastorates先后在利奇菲尔德，康涅狄格州和波士顿之间的1810年和1832年，并在此期间，他被称为一个最有说服力的传教士，他的时间。 He also was one of the leaders of a Presbyterian faction, called the New School, that opposed the strict doctrine and discipline of the conservative Presbyterians, called the Old School.他还领导者之一的一个长老会派，所谓新的学校，反对严格的教义和纪律，保守presbyterians ，所谓旧的学校。
In 1832 Beecher was appointed first president of Lane Theological Seminary, near Cincinnati, Ohio, and pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati.在1832年伊丽莎白比被任命为第一任总统里神学院，近俄亥俄州辛辛那提，和牧师的第二长老教会辛辛那提。 His doctrinal liberalism soon brought him into conflict with his regional superiors.他的理论，自由主义，尽快使他陷入冲突的区域与他的上司。 In 1835 he was tried by the presbytery on charges of heresy and hypocrisy, but was acquitted.在1835年，他试图由presbytery对收费异端和虚伪性，但获判无罪。 The Presbyterian Synod, to which the verdict was appealed, sustained his acquittal in the same year.该长老会的主教，而这一判决提出上诉，维持了其无罪释放，在同一年。 When the schism foreshadowed by the Old School - New School controversy finally developed in 1838, Beecher adhered to the New School.当分裂所预示的旧学校-新校的争议，终于在1 838年的发展，伊丽莎白比，坚持以新的学校。 He continued to preach at his Cincinnati church until 1842 and retained the titular presidency of Lane Theological Seminary for the remainder of his life.他继续鼓吹他在辛辛那提的教会，直到1842年，并保留名誉主席的里神学院为余下的他的生命。 He was the father of 13 children, among them the noted American writer Harriet Beecher Stowe.他的父亲， 13名儿童，其中包括著名的美国作家哈里特伊丽莎白比彻斯托。 All seven of his sons became clergymen.所有7 ，他的儿子成为神职人员。 His writings include Collected Works (3 volumes, 1852) and Autobiography and Correspondence (1863).他的作品包括收集工程（ 3卷， 1852 ）和自传和书信往来（ 1863 ） 。
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