A creed is a brief, authorized summary of the Christian doctrine that is sometimes recited in church services as an affirmation of faith.一信条是一个简短的授权，总结基督教教义是，有时背诵在教会服务，作为一个肯定的信念。 Formulations of the Christian faith, presumably taken as the basis of teaching and evangelization, are to be found in the New Testament, although in a rudimentary form as in 1 Cor.配方的基督教信仰，假设作为基础的教学和福传的，要发现在新约圣经，虽然在一个最起码的形式在一肺心病。 12:3. 12时03分。 St. Paul wrote of believers who submitted without reservation to the creed that they were taught (Rom. 6:17).圣保禄写道信徒谁提交无保留地向信条，他们被教导（罗马书6时17分） 。
Of the two classical creeds, the Apostles' Creed belongs in its essential content to the apostolic age, although it is not the work of the Apostles.上述两个经典教义， 使徒'的信条是属于在其重要内容，以使徒的年龄，虽然这是不工作的使徒。 It had its origin in the form of a confession of faith used in the instruction of catechumens and in the liturgy of Baptism.它有原产地的形式招供的信仰中使用的指示，慕道者和在礼仪的洗礼。 The creed may have been learned by heart and at first transmitted orally (to protect it from profanation).该信条可能已被据悉，由心脏和在第一次转交口头（保护其免受亵渎） 。 It is based on a formula current at Rome c.它是基于一个公式，目前在罗马长 200, although the present form of the text did not appear before the 6th century. 200 ，虽然目前的形式，文字没有出现之前，第六世纪。 It is used by Roman Catholics and many Protestant churches but has never been accepted by the Eastern Orthodox churches.这是所用的罗马天主教徒和新教教会很多，但从来没有被接受由东区东正教教堂。
The other classical creed, the Nicene, was an expression of the faith of the church as defined at the Councils of Nicaea (325) and Constantinople (381), and later reaffirmed at the Councils of Ephesus (431) and Chalcedon (451).其他古典信条， 尼西亚，是一个表达的信念，教会的定义，在议会尼西亚（ 325 ）和君士坦丁堡（ 381 ） ，后来重申了在议会的以弗所（ 431 ）和迦克墩（ 451 ） 。 Based probably on the baptismal creed of Jerusalem, the Niceno - Constantinopolitan Creed contained a fuller statement concerning Christ and the Holy Spirit than the earlier formula.基于可能对洗礼信条耶路撒冷，尼切诺-c onstantinopolitan信条载有详尽的声明中关于耶稣和圣灵比以前的公式。 Its use in eucharistic worship is not much earlier than the 5th century.其使用的圣体圣事的崇拜是没有多大早于公元5世纪。 The so - called Filioque ("and the Son") clause, expressing the double procession of the Spirit, was added at the Third Council of Toledo (589).所以-所谓的f ilioque（ “儿子” ）的条款，表达了双游行的精神，增加了在第三届理事会托莱多（ 5 89） 。 The Nicene Creed is used by Roman Catholics, many Protestants, and the Eastern Orthodox; the last, however, reject the Filioque clause.该尼西亚信是所用的罗马天主教徒，许多新教徒，东部为东正教徒，最后，不过，拒绝filioque条款。
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Ross MacKenzie罗斯麦肯齐
Bibliography
参考书目
JND Kelly, Early
Christian Creeds (1972); JH Leith, ed., Creeds of the Churches (1982); P Schaff,
The Creeds of Christendom (1977). jnd凯利，早期基督教教义（ 1972年） ;家雷斯，教育署，教义的教会（
1982年） ; p沙夫，教义的基督教（ 1977年） 。
"Creed" derives from the Latin credo, "I believe." “教义”来自拉丁美洲的信条， “我相信” 。 The form is active, denoting not just a body of beliefs but confession of faith.形式是活跃，指不只是身体的信仰，但信仰的自白。 This faith is trust: not "I believe that" (though this is included) but "I believe in."这个信念是信任：不是“我相信” （虽然这是包括在内） ，但“我相信英寸” It is also individual; creeds may take the plural form of "we believe," but the term itself comes from the first person singular of the Latin: "I believe."这亦是个人;信条可能采取复数形式的“我们相信， ”但这个词本身来自第一人奇异的拉丁美洲： “我相信” 。
Indeed, if Acts 8:37 is authentic, it offers at the very first a simple creedal confession in baptism.事实上，如果8时37分行为是真实的，它提供了在非常第一一个简单的creedal供认在洗礼。 This is, of course, exclusively Christological (cf. baptism in Christ's name in Acts 8:16; 10:48), leading to the theory that creeds consisted originally only of the second article.这是的，当然是完全christological （参见洗礼，在基督里的名称的行为， 8时16分; 10时48分） ，导致理论信条构成原先只的第二篇文章。 Nevertheless, the NT also contains many passages, culminating in Matt.不过，新台币也包含了许多通道，最终在马特。 28:19, which include either the Father or the Father and the Holy Spirit in a more comprehensive Trinitarian formulation of a doctrinal, confessional, or liturgical type. 28:19 ，其中包括，无论是父亲或父亲和圣灵在一个更全面的三位一体的制订一套理论，自白，或礼仪式。
GW
Bromiley毛重罗米立
(Elwell Evangelical Dictionary)
（ elwell福音事工促进会，字典）
Bibliography
参考书目
FJ Badcock,
History of the Creeds; WA Curtis, History of the Creeds and Confessions of
Faith; O Cullmann, The Earliest Christian Confessions; JND Kelly, Early
Christian Creeds and Athanasian Creed; AC McGiffert, Apostles' Creed; P Schaff,
The Creeds of Christendom; HB Swete, Apostles' Creed. fj badcock
，历史的信条;佤族柯蒂斯，历史的教义和信仰的供词; o cullmann ，最早的基督教的供述;
jnd凯利，早期基督教教义和亚他那修信经信条;麦吉弗特交流，使徒'的信条; p沙夫，信条对基督教的;血红蛋白swete ，使徒'的信条。
(Latin credo, I believe). （拉丁语系的信条，我相信） 。
In general, a form of belief.在一般的，一种形式的信仰。 The work, however, as applied to religious belief has received a variety of meanings, two of which are specially important.工作，不过，由于适用于宗教信仰收到了各种各样的意义，其中两个是特别重要的。 (1) It signifies the entire body of beliefs held by the adherents of a given religion; and in this sense it is equivalent doctrine or to faith where the latter is used in its objective meaning. （ 1 ）它标志着整个车身的信仰举行，由信徒某一特定的宗教和在此意义上讲，它相当于学说或信仰而后者则是用于在其客观的意义。 Such is its signification in expressions like "the conflict of creeds", "charitable works irrespective of creed", "the ethics of conformity of creed", etc. (2) In a somewhat narrower sense, a creed is a summary of the principal articles of faith professed by church or community of believers.这样的是它的意义表现在像“冲突的信条” ， “慈善工程，不论信仰” ， “伦理符合教义”等（ 2 ）在有些狭义的，信仰是一个总结的主要文章信仰professed由教会或社区的信徒。 Thus by the "creeds of Christendom" are understood those formulations of the Christian faith which at various times have been drawn up and accepted by one or the other of the Christian churches.因此，由“教义的基督教”所理解的这些提法基督教信仰而在不同时期已制订并接受由一个或其他的基督教教堂。 The Latins designate the creed in this sense by the name symbolum which means either a sign (symbolon) or a collection (symbole).该拉丁美洲指定的信条在这个意义上，由名称symbolum这意味着无论是签署（ symbolon ）或集合（ symbole ） 。 A creed, then, would be the distinctive mark of those who hold a given belief, or a formula made up of the principal articles of that belief.一信条，那么，将成为鲜明的标志，那些谁持有某一特定的信仰，或一个公式成立的主要条款，这个信念。 A "profession of faith" is enjoined by the Church on special occasions, as at the consecration of a bishop; while the phrase "confession of faith" is commonly applied to Protestant formularies, such as the "Augsburg Confession", the "Confession of Basle", etc. It should be noted, however, that the role of Faith is not identical with creed, but, in its formal signification, means the norm or standard by which one ascertains what doctrines are to be believed. “专业诚信”是责成由教会在特殊场合，截至consecration的主教;而语“交代的信仰”是普遍适用于新教的处方，如“奥格斯堡交代” ， “交代的巴塞尔“等，但应注意，不过，角色的信仰是不相同的与信仰，但是，在其正式的意义，是指规范或标准，其中确定有什么理论，要相信。 The principal creeds of the Catholic Church, The Apostles', Athanasian, and the Nicene, are treated in special articles which enter into the historical details and the content of each.主要信仰的天主教教会，使徒' ，阿他那修信经，和尼西亚，处理在特殊物品进入历史的细节和内容，每个。 The liturgical use of the Creed is also explained in a separate article.礼仪使用的信条，也是解释，在一个单独的文章。 For the present purpose it is chiefly important to indicate the function of the creed in the life of religion and especially in the work of the Catholic Church.对于目前的目的，主要是重要的，以显示功能的信条在生活的宗教，特别是在工作的天主教教会。 That the teachings of Christianity were to be cast in some definite form is evidently implied in the commission given the Apostles (Matthew 28:19-20).认为基督教的教义被投在一些明确的形式，显然是隐含在该委员会中，由于使徒（马太28:19-20 ） 。 Since they were to teach all nations to observe whatsoever Christ had commanded, and since this teaching was to carry the weight of authority, not merely of opinion, it was necessary to formulate at last the essential doctrines.因为他们教导所有国家遵守什么基督指挥，教学，因为这是进行重量的权力，而不仅仅是意见，这是有必要制定在去年的基本教义。 Such formulation was all the more needful because Christianity was destined for all men and for all ages.这样的提法都更需要的，因为基督教的目的地为所有男人和不分年龄人人共享的。 To preserve unity of belief itself was quite clearly stated.维护团结，信仰本身是相当清楚说明。 The creed, therefore, is fundamentally an authoritative declaration of the truths that are to be believed.该信条，因此，基本上是一个权威性的宣言真理是要相信。
The Church, moreover, was organized as a visible society (see CHURCH).教会，此外，举办了作为一个有形的社会（见堂） 。 Its members were called on not only to hold fast the teaching they had received, but also to express their beliefs.其成员被称为就不仅要坚守教学，他们已收到，但也表达他们的信仰。 As St. Paul says: "With her heart we believe unto justice; but, with the mouth, confession is made unto salvation" (Romans x, 10).正如圣保禄说： “她的心，我们相信祂正义;但是，随着口耳相传，供认是祂救赎” （罗马书第十10 ） 。 Nor is the Apostle content with vague or indefinite statements; he insists that his followers shall "hold the form of sound words which thou hast heard of me in faith" (II Tim. i, 13), "embracing that faithful word which is according to doctrine, that he (the bishop) may be able to exhort in sound doctrine and to convince the gainsayers (Titus i, 9). Hence we can understand that a profession of faith was required of those who were to be baptized, as in the case of the eunuch (Acts 8:37); in fact the baptismal formula prescribed by Christ himself is an expression of faith in the Blessed Trinity. Apart then from the question regarding the composition of the Apostles' Creed, it is clear that from the beginning, and even before the New Testament had been written, some doctrinal formula, however concise, would have been employed both to secure uniformity in teaching and to place beyond doubt the belief of those who were admitted into the Church.也不是使徒内容空泛或无限期报表;他坚持认为，他的追随者会“举行形式的复音词，其中祢听到我的信仰” （二添，我13 ） ， “拥抱认为，忠实字这是根据学说，他（主教）可以劝告，在健全的学说和说服gainsayers （提图斯，我9 ） 。因此，我们可以了解，一个专业的信仰，需要那些谁被洗礼，在该案件太监（使徒8时37分） ;在事实上洗礼公式订明由基督自己是一个表达的信念，在神圣的三一。除了然后从问题就组成使徒'的信条，这是明确表示，从一开始，甚至之前，新约圣经被写了，有些理论公式，但简洁，将已雇用双方的统一性，以确保在教学，并把毫无疑问的信念，那些谁被获准进入教堂。
Along with the diffusion of Christianity there sprang up in the course of time various heretical views regarding the doctrines of faith.随着扩散基督教的有兴起在这个过程中的时间的各种邪教的意见，关于教义的信仰。 It thus became necessary to define the truth of revelation more clearly.因此，它成为必要界定的真相更清楚的启示。 The creed, in consequence, underwent modification, not by the introduction of new doctrines, but by the expression of the traditional belief in terms that left no room for error or misunderstanding.该信条，在后果，经历了修改，而不是由引进新的教条，而是由表达的传统信念，在条件没有留下余地，错误或误解。 In this way the "Filioque" was added to the Nicene and the Tridentine Profession forth in full and definite statements the Catholic Faith on those points especially which the Reformers of the sixteenth century had assailed.在这样的“ filioque ”被添加到尼西亚和德律但丁界人士提出，在充分和明确的声明，天主教信仰对这些论点，特别是其中的改革者的16世纪曾抨击。 At other times the circumstances required that special formulas should be drawn up in order to have the teaching of the Church explicitly stated and accepted; such was the profession of faith prescribed For the Greeks by Gregory XIII and that which Urban VIII and Benedict XIV prescribed for the Orientals(cf. Denzinger, Enchiridion).在其他时间的情况下所需的特别公式，应当制定出来，以便有教学教会明确和接受;这种被医学界的信仰为希腊人，由格雷戈里第十三和那些城市第八条和本笃十四处方该东方人（参见登青格， enchiridion ） 。 The creed therefore, is to be regarded not as a lifeless formula, but rather as a manifestation of the Church's vitality.该信条，因此，是被视为不作为生命的公式，而是作为一个体现教会的活力。 As these formulas preserve intact the faith once delivered to the saints, they are also an effectual means of warding off the incessant attacks of error.作为这些公式保存完好的信念，一旦交付给圣人，他们也是一个行之有效的手段，抵挡不断攻击的错误。
On the other hand it should be remarked that the authoritative promulgation of a creed and its acceptance imply no infringement of the rights of reason.在另一方面，应该说，权威颁布了一项信条和接受意味着没有权利的侵犯的理由。 The mind tents naturally to express itself and especially to utter its thought in the form of language.心中的帐篷里，自然表达自己，特别是说不出其思想的语言形式的运用。 Such expression, again, results in greater clearness and a firmer possession of the mental content.这样的表达，同样地，结果在更大的清晰和坚定的藏有精神的内容。 Whoever, then, really believes in the truths of Christianity cannot consistently object to such manifestation of his belief as the use of the creed implies It is also obviously illogical to condemn this use on the ground that is makes religion simply an affair of repeating or subscribing empty formulas.谁的话，真的相信，在真理的基督教不能一贯反对这种表现，他相信，作为使用该信仰意味着它也显然是不合逻辑的谴责这种使用在地面上，就是使宗教简单的事情重复或订阅空洞的公式。 The Church insists that the internal belief is the essential element, but this must find its outward expression.教会坚持认为，内部的信念是必不可少的因素，不过，这必须找到其向外的表达。 While the duty of believing rests on each individual, there are further obligations resulting from the social organization of the Church.而责任，以为在于对每一个人，有进一步的义务，导致从社会组织的教会。 Not only is each member obliged to refrain from what would weaken the faith of his fellow-believers, he is also bound, so far as he is able, to uphold and quicken their belief, The profession of his faith as set forth in the creed is at once an object-lesson in loyalty and a means of strengthening the bonds which unite the followers of Christ in "one Lord, one faith, one baptism".不仅是各成员国有义务不什么会削弱的信念，他的同胞信教，他亦是必然，直至目前为止，因为他是能够坚持和加快自己的信仰，法律界自己的信仰内容，提出了在该信条是在一旦对象的教训，在忠诚度和手段，加强债券团结基督信徒在“一主，一个信念，一个洗礼” 。
Such motives are plainly of no avail where the selection of his beliefs is left to the individual.这种动机显然无济于事的情况下选择自己的信仰是留给个人。 He may, of course, adopt a series of articles or propositions and call it a creed; but it remains his private possession, and any attempt on this part to demonstrate its correctness can only result in disagreement.他可能，当然，采取了一系列文章，或主张，并呼吁它的信条，但它仍然是他的私有财产，任何企图这部分证明了其正确性，只能在分歧。 But the attempt itself would be inconsistent, since he must concede to every one else the same right in the matter of framing a creed.但尝试本身将是不一致的，因为他必须让步，否则每个人都享有同样的权利在这件事的制定信条。 The final consequence must be, therefore, that faith is reduced to the level of views, opinions, or theories such as are entertained on purely scientific matters.最后的后果，必须，因此，信仰是减少到水平的看法，意见，或理论等是受理对纯粹的科学问题。 Hence it is not easy to explain, on the basis of consistence, the action of the Protestant Reformers.因此它是不容易的解释，在此基础上的一致性，行动的新教改革者。 Had the principle of private judgment been fully and strictly carried out, the formulation of creeds would have been unnecessary and, logically, impossible.有原则的私人判断得到全面和严格执行，制定信条已不必要的，从逻辑上讲，是不可能的。 The subsequent course of events has shown how little was to be accomplished by confession of faith, once the essential element of authority was rejected, From the inevitable multiplication of creeds has developed, in large measure, that demand for a "creedless Gospel" which contrasts so strongly with the claim that the Bible is the sole rule and the only source of faith.随后的过程中的事件表明，如何却很少要完成由供认的信仰，一旦基本要素管理局要求被拒绝后，从不可避免的乘法的信条发展，在很大程度上，需求“ creedless福音” ，其中的对比如此强烈地与声称，圣经是唯一的规则和唯一的信心之源。 (See DOGMA, FAITH, PROTESTANTISM.) （见教条，信念，基督教） 。
Publication information Written by George J. Lucas.出版信息的书面j.由乔治卢卡斯。 Transcribed by Suzanne Plaisted.转录由苏珊普莱斯特德。 In Memory of Reese Jackson The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IV.在记忆体中的里斯威瑟斯庞杰克逊天主教百科全书，第四卷。 Published 1908. 1908年出版。 New York: Robert Appleton Company.纽约：罗伯特阿普尔顿公司。 Nihil Obstat. nihil obstat 。 Remy Lafort, Censor.的Remy lafort ，检查员。 Imprimatur. imprimatur 。 +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York +约翰米farley ，大主教of New York所
Bibliography参考书目
DENZINGER, Enchiridion (Freiburg, 1908); MOHLER, Symbolism (NEW YORK, 1984); DUNLOP, Account of All the Ends and Uses of Creeds and Confessions of Faith, etc. (London, 1724); BUTLER, An Historical and Literary Account of the Formularies, etc., (London, 1816); SCHAFF, The History of the Creeds of Christendom (London, 1878); GRANDMAISON, L'Estasticite des formules de Foi in Etudes 1898; CALKINS, Creeds and Tests of Church Membership in Andover Review (1890), 13; STERRETT, the Ethics of Creed Conformity (1890), ibid.登青格， enchiridion （弗赖堡， 1908 ） ; mohler ，象征（纽约， 1984年） ;邓禄普，帐户的所有目的和用途的教义和信仰的供词等（伦敦， 1724 ） ;巴特勒，历史和文学的帐户该处方等， （伦敦， 1816 ） ;沙夫，历史的教义的基督教（伦敦， 1878 ） ;格朗迈松的L' estasticite万formules德已公布在1898年练习曲;卡尔金斯，信仰和考验，教会成员在andover检讨（ 1890 ） ，第13条; sterrett ，伦理信条整合（ 1890 ） ，同上。
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